So read one of the slogans of the election campaign in 2004 crowned the city's mayor Sergio Cofferati. So widespread was the feeling that the model Bologna, whose crisis was clearly evident in the election of George Guazzaloca 1999, was on the threshold of a regeneration, a rejuvenation and modernization process that would have revived. So it was not, indeed many of the open questions and criticisms have sharpened. But all this does not have great perception in the rest of Italy.
Bologna circulating on a number of cliches, some of which begin to explode by itself, while others endure for a long time, continuing to impress the national idea in the imagination of the city very different from the dynamics that govern and determine developments. Although unassuming analysis can be done and substantial trying to observe some phenomena against the long-term model to realize that now lives in Bologna annuity for some time and that the "golden period" (if ever there was) of local governance now seems far, far away.
City of advanced social policies and services delivered . To dispel this common thought for a few years ago now, more or less the beginning of 2005, the same Cofferati when, in surprise, began a fierce campaign against the most vulnerable and marginalized people of the city, giving way evictions (still pending) in which he found refuge in the slums of the recent immigration from Romania. The poorest and most exploited people (mostly arms cheap on the building expansion of the city and its affluent suburbs) were no longer citizens of Bologna, not even the Italians, even the Community. The services for citizens now discounted Bolognese (kindergartens, social and health principals broadcast across the full time, and many other local gems) were not infinitely expandable, from right to all privileges were gradually become to defend. So the answer to emerging social cleared the left the "security issue" and Lega solutions: pugno duro e inflessibile, nessuna mediazione o ammortizzazione. Nei primi sgomberi Cofferati avocò a sé la guida delle operazioni sul campo, in quanto detentore della “delega alla Sicurezza”, e impedì deliberatamente l'intervento dei Servizi Sociali o di qualsiasi altro attore che non appartenesse alle forze dell'ordine. Il tutto accolto da un consenso diffuso dei cittadini bolognesi. Secondo un recente studio del Sole 24 Ore quella di Bologna è la seconda provincia italiana per reddito medio pro capite: i bolognesi stanno bene, sono benestanti e vogliosi di restarlo. Le insidie e le minacce esterne è giusto che vengano tenute lontane da chi è deputato ad amministrare il bene pubblico.
But for goodness sake, do not say that these policies are similar to those of the right or the Northern League, now that we are not so different and that the broth culture that produces and supports is somewhat similar. The specific of a city that, unless the Guazzaloca brackets, has been ruled by the left since the war emerged in the aftermath. In the following months it came on the scene bandwagon of local Third Sector, and the Romanians evacuated became a tasty morsel, in terms of visibility and recognition for associations, cooperatives, traders, researchers, socially engaged artists, filmmakers and so on. Around the Romanians, there was a great ferment in short, even took new life "roped" the stars of a partial redefinition of power relations in social private citizen.
Bologna is assured to be the same as always, friendly, progressive, capable of integration policies and redistributed equally welcome. It all ended with numerous improvised and ineffective (one of the few who has had real impact has been to support the inclusion of housing for a number of families) and many public money poorly spent. In many, however, put a hand on the new windfall of local welfare: the Romanians from the cabins. To top it all, in April of this year, was organized organized a "Festival of the Metropolitan Fragility," with so much happening, cocktails and evening parties, where the prince had the section entitled "Roma and Travellers as challenges for the city" and where, among the many glossy reports, could be found titles such as "Romanza, when the Rhine once again became a river."
The short circuit between political act (evacuations, a few speeches, a lot of money poorly spent to strengthen new alliances emerging between those of the private citizen social) issues aside (the black, the situation in the yards) and the 'image, the intangible, marketing found in the story of Romanians evacuated one of his quotes. But these are popular features in social policies in Bologna.
Again, the national welfare and services have become an important part of the local economy: now entirely outsourced to a few large social cooperatives and associations, the social provides a fallback for thousands of unemployed baked every year dall'Alma Mater Studiorum (the so-called "weak degrees) or a natural outlet for students of education sciences.
Social cooperatives have become an important source of jobs - about 8,000 jobs, a turnover per annum in excess of € 200 million - with facilities and now more and more unscrupulous in business contain costs through the use of atypical and flexible beyond belief. And it is these people who were contracted in recent years almost all areas of social policy: youth policy and adolescent, academic support, disability, new forms of poverty, immigration, asylum, the elderly, etc..
By now most of the social cooperatives - not all, thankfully - they survive thanks to subsidies of the public that gives them contracted the services it intends to outsource (reducing costs), over the years producing mechanisms considerable distortion.
Meanwhile, to secure public contracts are essential for survival has created a system of political points of reference "sponsor" of the cooperative and a mechanism of "subdivision" of the interventions so that when tenders will not be created competition and each coop has its share of services provided. In addition to this dependence, not autonomy, social work with respect to political will as funding vital public , becomes essential "please" and certainly not to contradict or question, the client. With just these few elements to understand how one of the most marked effects of social Bologna is a frantic attention to the "target" reference, regardless of the context, the environment within which they work (be it a school, a neighborhood or a small provincial town). Strict adherence to their role and bureaucratically treatment and containment, with no other cricket for the head. All of course supported by fine instructors, teachers, researchers, graduate courses, ready to deliver a 'technical and specialized training maddeningly which excludes from the horizon of those who are trained to work with the weaker sections of the population any ideals and political aspirations.
The campaign that recently associated with social co-operatives have launched Legacoop is exemplary. Featured Photos of the "disadvantaged", the "user", with writing on front (literally) the infinitive of a verb, the recipe to be applied to people like him: an African boy with the word "welcome", a kid down in front imprinted with "educating", "include" for the homeless, "attend" to the elderly, and so on ...
The social class is not the most important in the powerful national cooperative system, just think of the cooperative manufacturers, insurance companies or to those at retail. Social cooperatives, however, cities have their weight increased, so that the last election a representative was elected to parliament in the ranks of the Democratic Party, and another has failed in the election list briefly. Although this is quite hard hit by cutbacks to the social and the resulting downward pressure on revenue derived from public procurement. Furthermore, the redefinition of the structures being appointed to manage the city's social policy has opened up a confrontation between the coop and new social actors important market now are the services contracted.
With a social work increasingly meaningless (an impression of the data contained the number of operators is also good and motivated after a few years of work go into burnout , enter into crisis and can no longer find meaning in what they do) to dramatically increase the training opportunities, on the one hand, strengthen the technical vision and rigidly sectoral social work while the other try to offer easy consolation post-modern (there is globalization, and everything becomes more difficult, not only you, no one understands anything!) to the ever increasing loss of meaning.
Thus, while social work "in the field", ie services, is increasingly a victim of the lack of economic resources and, far more serious, soaring ideals and design, the virtual economy is tied to social Booming: master degree courses and training new professionals, research and studies centers, observation and documentation, meetings and seminars, tables on the discomfort, and the more you have, and so forth.
Tradition Bolognese services numerous and widespread on the territory then left another legacy, another peculiarity in the social Bologna. If in fact a tradition of widespread practices of social solidarity took place, this is almost always the case into the conventional institutional or party, thanks to the work of some politicians, technicians and technocrats particularly enlightened.
Today enlightened administrators of these there is no sign - just deal with the creators and actuators of the latest reform of social services for immediate account - of the riverbed and the institutional and party were the only aspects more deleterious: co-optation and control sono estremamente diffusi e sono ormai le uniche modalità, peraltro ampiamente e pacificamente accettate, di relazionarsi con le istituzioni.
Non esistono nella nostra città sperimentazioni di intervento sociale dal basso, spontanee e realmente autonome (che non vuol dire per forza illegali, ma vuol dire indipendenti). Con ben poche eccezioni – tra cui i ragazzi dello Scalo Migranti che hanno lavorato per anni quotidianamente con i rumeni quando ancora erano nemici pubblici per tutti (e, guarda caso, tra i pochi a non aver festeggiato al banchetto degli interventi istituzionali seguiti ai primi sgomberi) - mancano da tempo sperimentazioni di lavoro autonomo, quotidiano, pratico e paritario with the marginal segments of the population. Thus lack the autonomous spaces of ideals and practices of experimentation and self-managed from below, work area and neighborhood, places of social intervention that also know how to reflect critically on the existence, without being numb from the "target", the "mission", the " quality certification, "the social exasperation as a profession. With serious consequences: there are places in town for training students in critical and curious to experiment if you do not experience the university (on the technicality and professionalism is increasingly squeezed) and social cooperatives or other entities which have contracted the social now dominated by political logic and sophistry divider and dripping with bureaucracy and weakened that social work and flatten more and more on containment and control of potential emergencies and critical situations.
This institutional mechanism of delegation is so widespread and entrenched that more and more often you come across a curious paradox: those who practice forms of political activism, more or less radical alternative, or in what remains of the movement and social centers often social workers, but would strictly separate the two spheres: the social work profession (often unscrupulous moving and working in the field in an authoritarian and bureaucratic) and political commitment as a space di militanza e di protesta tanto radicale quanto asettico e incontaminato dalle ingiustizie sociali e dalle crescenti fasce emarginate e sfruttate della popolazione che vive intorno a loro. Tanto per quello ci sono i servizi, no?
Il modello bolognese dicevamo: welfare e servizi diffusi sul territorio (negli anni '60 ebbe luogo qui il primo esperimento di decentramento amministrativo e dei servizi in ottica territoriale per superare, appunto, gli sterili steccati delle vecchie politiche assistenziali), benessere non solo materiale ma anche sociale, questa l'immagine del modello di città progressista e socialdemocratica. Restando al piano immateriale image, marketing and "social communication" it seems that nothing has changed, but just a little scratch 'the surface coated to see more and larger cracks in the political act against the weak sectors of the population. And with less and less space for critical reflection and development and testing of alternatives. Both are toilets, no?
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